QuestDB time-series databases for high-throughput industrial telemetry.

Overview

QuestDB is a high-performance open-source time-series database designed for industrial telemetry, financial market data, and IoT workloads. FrameworX integrates QuestDB across three runtime surfaces, plus a fourth path for SQL Dataset queries through the existing PostgreSQL provider.

A QuestDB UnsTagProvider row and a Historian StorageLocation row can both point at the same QuestDB instance.

Supported QuestDB versions

• Floor: QuestDB 7.0.
• Recommended target: QuestDB 8.0 or newer (current stable line).
• Tested against 8.x and 9.x server lines.

Runtime requirements

.NET 10 host required for ILP writes. The official QuestDB .NET client net-questdb-client targets .NET 6 and newer only - it has never shipped a .NET Framework or .NET Standard 2.0 build. FrameworX hosts ILP writes from TServer.NET10.exe (Windows, Linux, or Docker on .NET 10).

The .NET Framework 4.8 host (TServer.exe) loads the QuestDB connector but cannot perform ILP writes. Connection attempts fail-fast at connect time with a clear FileNotFoundException("net-questdb-client.dll not found"). PostgreSQL-wire reads still work on net48 because Npgsql 4.0.1 supports both targets. Use a Multiplatform / .NET 10 solution target when QuestDB ILP writes are needed.

Prerequisites

QuestDB .NET clients ship unconditionally with FrameworX in FS/ThirdPartyBin/net10.0/: net-questdb-client for ILP ingestion (Apache 2.0, ~91 KB) and Npgsql 4.0.1 for PostgreSQL-wire queries (PostgreSQL License BSD-style, ~736 KB). No separate install and no optional pack.

Installation

Install a QuestDB server, then configure FrameworX to point at it. QuestDB is OS-native and has no FrameworX dependency on the server side.

Install the QuestDB server

Follow the official QuestDB installation guide at questdb.com/docs/get-started. Summary by target:

• Docker (recommended for testing): docker run -d --name fx-questdb -p 8812:8812 -p 9000:9000 questdb/questdb:latest.
• Linux: download the QuestDB no-jre tarball from questdb.com and run with Java 17 or newer, or install via the platform package manager when available.
• Windows: download the QuestDB rt-windows distribution (bundled JRE) and run the included questdb.exe service installer.
• macOS: brew install questdb && brew services start questdb.

Verify the server is reachable

Run the command below to confirm the server responds on the PostgreSQL wire port (8812):

psql "host=localhost port=8812 user=admin password=quest dbname=qdb" -c "SELECT 1 AS ping"

And the ILP/HTTP port (9000):

curl -sS "http://localhost:9000/exec?query=SELECT%201%20AS%20ping"

A successful ping returns a row containing 1. Default credentials on a fresh local install are admin / quest on database qdb.

Create the database and starter table

QuestDB tables are created on first write through ILP. To pre-create a starter table for testing, run the following statement through the QuestDB web console (port 9000) or via psql:

CREATE TABLE sensors (
  timestamp TIMESTAMP,
  plant SYMBOL,
  temperature DOUBLE,
  quality SHORT
) TIMESTAMP(timestamp) PARTITION BY DAY;

INSERT INTO sensors VALUES (now(), 'Plant01', 22.3, 192);

Use qdb as the database in the FrameworX connection string in the next section, or use the database name you configured for your QuestDB install.

Connection string

All four QuestDB surfaces (Devices, UNS TagProvider, Historian, and the PostgreSQL Dataset path) share the same Station / connection string format. The Designer Station editor exposes structured fields; the persisted format is semicolon-delimited.

Station format

Host;PgPort;IlpEndpoint;Username;Password;Database;TlsEnabled

Default values:

localhost;8812;http://localhost:9000;admin;quest;qdb;false

Field reference

Device Protocol

When to use

Use the Device Protocol surface when you want each QuestDB column addressed as an individual Tag with a Node-level connection. This is the classic SCADA Channel / Node / Point model.

Use UNS TagProvider instead (next section) when you want dynamic browse and tree-style registration.

Configure

Channel. Devices / Channels / New. Protocol = QuestDB. Interface is automatically Custom (no CommAPI).

Node. One Node per QuestDB server plus database. PrimaryStation uses the standard QuestDB Station format documented in the Connection string section above.

Example value:

localhost;8812;http://localhost:9000;admin;quest;qdb;false

Point. Address is a single-dot Table.Column string. Example: sensors.temperature.

Read semantics

On each scan cycle, the driver runs one query per configured address over the PostgreSQL wire protocol, ordered by the table's designated timestamp column descending and limited to 1, projecting the requested column. Quality is 192 (Good) on hit, 0 (Bad) when the table is empty or the column is absent.

Values round-trip as strings in the Device path (matching the MongoDB connector convention). Numeric or boolean tags show their value as text. Use the UNS TagProvider surface (next section) when your integration needs the value native type preserved, or the Dataset Provider section for typed query result sets.

Write semantics - APPEND through ILP

WriteTagValue sends an ILP/HTTP line to the IlpEndpoint, appending a row to the table with the current timestamp. Unlike the MongoDB connector, this is append-style behavior even on the Device surface - QuestDB's storage model is append-only by design. Use the Historian StorageLocation surface (later section) for batched-append behavior optimized for high-volume historian writes.

Address limits

Only single-dot addresses are accepted in 10.1.5. Table.Column works. Schema.Table.Column is rejected. Schema-level addressing is planned for a later release.

Configuration Example

This example maps a single QuestDB column to a Tag using the Channel / Node / Point model. Prerequisites: a running QuestDB server with the sensors table from the Installation section above, plus a UNS Tag named SensorTemp of type Double.

1. In Devices / Channels, create a Channel:
   • Name: QuestDB1.
   • Protocol: QuestDB. The Interface is set to Custom automatically.
2. In Devices / Nodes, create a Node under that Channel:
   • Name: Plant_A.
   • Channel: QuestDB1.
   • PrimaryStation:

     localhost;8812;http://localhost:9000;admin;quest;qdb;false

3. In Devices / Points, create a Point bound to the tag SensorTemp:
   • TagName: SensorTemp.
   • Node: Plant_A.
   • Address: sensors.temperature.
   • AccessType: ReadWrite.
4. Run the solution on a Multiplatform / .NET 10 target. SensorTemp reads the latest temperature value from the most recent row in the sensors table on each scan cycle.
5. From a Script Task, write the tag back: @Tag.SensorTemp = 75.0;. The driver appends an ILP line to the sensors table with the current timestamp.

UNS TagProvider

When to use

Use the UNS TagProvider surface when you want to browse a QuestDB instance from the Designer UNS tree, discover column names dynamically, and register columns as UNS tags.

Configure

UNS / TagProviders / New. Protocol = QuestDB. Station uses the same delimited format as the Device Protocol and the Connection string section above.

Browse semantics

The browse view has two levels:

• Level 0 (tree root for this TagProvider). Lists all tables in the configured database via SHOW TABLES.
• Level 1 (inside a table). Queries the table schema and lists each column with its native QuestDB type. The designated timestamp column is hidden from the browse view by default.

Designer refresh does not mutate state. Browse is side-effect-free and safe to call on every tree expansion.

Register a tag

Select a column under a table and use Add to UNS. The registered address is Table.Column. The attribute type is mapped from the QuestDB column type:

Read and write semantics

Identical to the Device Protocol section:

• Read pulls the latest row column value via PostgreSQL wire and tags quality 192 on hit, 0 on miss.
• Write appends an ILP line to the table with the current timestamp.

Address limits

Single-dot table.column only. The registration call rejects multi-dot addresses with the message Multi-segment paths not supported in 10.1.5 — use 'table.column' with a single dot.

Configuration Example

This example browses a QuestDB instance from the Designer UNS tree and registers a column as a UNS tag. Prerequisites: a running QuestDB server with the sensors table from the Installation section above.

1. In UNS / TagProviders, create a TagProvider:
   • Name: QuestDBTags.
   • Protocol: QuestDB.
   • ServiceType: TagDiscovery.
   • PrimaryStation:

     localhost;8812;http://localhost:9000;admin;quest;qdb;false

2. Open the UNS tree in Designer and expand QuestDBTags. The tree shows the tables in qdb at level 0 (for example sensors and any other tables you have created).
3. Expand sensors. The browse queries the table schema and lists each column with its native QuestDB type (for example temperature as DOUBLE, plant as SYMBOL, quality as SHORT).
4. Right-click the temperature column and choose Add to UNS. A tag QuestDBTags/sensors/temperature appears in the UNS Tags list with attribute type Double.
5. Run the solution on a Multiplatform / .NET 10 target. @Tag.QuestDBTags/sensors/temperature reads the latest temperature value from the table on each scan cycle.
6. Writing the tag from a Script Task appends an ILP line to the sensors table with the current timestamp.

Historian StorageLocation

When to use

Use this surface when you want FrameworX Historian to write tag samples into QuestDB as a high-throughput append-style time series. This is the natural fit for QuestDB's append-only storage model.

Prerequisites

A QuestDB UNS TagProvider row must already exist (previous section). The Historian StorageLocation references it by name.

Configure

Historian / Storage Locations / New. The Protocol combo includes QuestDB when the TagProvider row has IsHistorian="true" (the default for 10.1.5). The DataRepository field selects which QuestDB UnsTagProvider to use, with the form TagProvider.<UnsTagProviderName>.

Storage model - QuestDB tables

The QuestDB destination is derived directly from each historized tag's address. An address has the single-dot form table.column; the connector splits it and writes ILP lines as:

<table> <column>=<value>,quality=<q>i  <designated-timestamp>

So an address of sensors.temperature writes to the QuestDB table sensors, populating the temperature column with the sample value. A second historized tag with address sensors.pressure shares the same QuestDB table - it adds its own pressure column. Multiple historized tags that share a left-side prefix collapse into a single QuestDB table; each contributes one column named after its right-side suffix.

QuestDB's schema-on-write creates the table on the first ILP line if it does not already exist. The resulting columns are:

• The designated timestamp column (auto-managed by QuestDB; timestamp by default).
• One typed column per distinct right-side suffix observed (DOUBLE for numeric values, the inferred type for strings or booleans).
• quality column of type LONG (the FrameworX quality code is an unsigned 16-bit value but is written through the ILP integer field path; 192 is Good).

Schema-on-write determines partition strategy and column types from the first row written. To choose a specific partition strategy, pre-create the table with an explicit CREATE TABLE ... TIMESTAMP(timestamp) PARTITION BY DAY in the QuestDB web console before the first historian write.

Write semantics - BATCHED ILP APPEND

WriteHistorianDataEx groups the incoming batch by table name, builds ILP lines, and sends a single SendAll round-trip to the IlpEndpoint per drained batch. The driver buffers writes in a background thread (drained every 500 milliseconds) so the platform's poll loop is never blocked on HTTP I/O. Partial-batch failures from QuestDB are surfaced through the per-row bool[] return.

Read semantics - raw samples only in 10.1.5

GetSamples runs a range query over the PostgreSQL wire protocol (WHERE timestamp BETWEEN ... AND ...) with ascending sort. The interval and getSamplesMode parameters are ignored in 10.1.5. Raw samples only.

Aggregation (Average, Min, Max, Sum with non-zero interval) is planned for a later release using QuestDB's native SAMPLE BY stage, which performs server-side downsampling efficiently.

Configuration Example

This example appends historian samples for a UNS tag to a QuestDB table. Prerequisites: a UNS TagProvider QuestDBTags exists from the previous section and points at the same QuestDB instance, plus a UNS Tag SensorTemp of type Double being updated by a Device, Script, or external source.

1. In Historian / Storage Locations, create a StorageLocation:
   • Name: QuestDBStore.
   • DataRepository: TagProvider.QuestDBTags.
2. In Historian / Tags, bind SensorTemp to QuestDBStore with a sample interval (for example one second) and a deadband appropriate for the signal.
3. Run the solution on a Multiplatform / .NET 10 target. On the first sample, the connector creates a QuestDB table in qdb with the canonical schema documented in the Storage model section above. Subsequent samples are appended via batched ILP writes drained every 500 milliseconds.
4. Read history with @Tag.SensorTemp.GetSamples(...) from a Script or Trend control. The connector runs a range query on the timestamp column with ascending sort and returns raw samples. Aggregation is planned for a later release.

Dataset Provider

QuestDB Dataset queries through the existing PostgreSQL provider

QuestDB speaks the PostgreSQL wire protocol natively. SQL SELECT queries against historized data, joins, SAMPLE BY downsampling, ASOF JOIN with tolerance, and materialized views all work through the existing PostgreSQL Data Provider with one connection-string flag - no separate QuestDB Dataset Provider is required in 10.1.5.

Configuration

1. In Datasets / DBs, create a Database Connection.
2. Choose PostgreSQL Data Provider as the Provider.
3. Configure the connection string targeting the QuestDB PostgreSQL wire port (default 8812). The connection string MUST include the flag Server Compatibility Mode=NoTypeLoading - without it the Npgsql client tries to load PostgreSQL system catalog tables that QuestDB does not expose, and the connection fails.
4. Click Test to verify the connection.
5. Create Dataset Queries with native QuestDB SQL.

Example connection string:

Server=localhost;Port=8812;Database=qdb;Username=admin;Password=quest;Server Compatibility Mode=NoTypeLoading;

What works

• Native QuestDB SQL: SELECT, joins, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET.
• QuestDB time-series extensions: SAMPLE BY for server-side downsampling, LATEST ON for latest-row-per-group, ASOF JOIN with tolerance for time-series alignment.
• Materialized views with calendar and timezone awareness.
• N-dimensional arrays for financial and AI workloads.
• Forward-only cursors. Pagination is supported via LIMIT n OFFSET m.

Caveats

• Cursor support is forward-only. Scrollable cursors (DECLARE CURSOR ... SCROLL) are not available.
• QuestDB's transaction semantics differ from standard PostgreSQL. Single-statement implicit transactions are the default; nested transactions are not supported.
• PostgreSQL extensions (PostGIS, pg_stat_statements, etc.) are not available - QuestDB exposes only the wire protocol, not the full PostgreSQL ecosystem.

A QuestDB-branded Dataset Provider entry may be added in a later release if customer feedback warrants a tailored experience. For 10.1.5, the PostgreSQL provider is the supported path.

Worked example

For an end-to-end Dataset configuration that reads, downsamples (using QuestDB's SAMPLE BY stage), counts, and inserts rows on a QuestDB table (one Dataset DB, three Queries, one Dataset Table, three Script Tasks), see the dedicated example page: Datasets QuestDB Example.

Known limitations and deferrals

The table below collects per-surface limits that apply to the 10.1.5 release.

In this section...